The Microscope Is A Technological Development That Occurred During The Latest 2023

1852 microscope

Timeline in microscope technology

• ç. 700 BC: The “Nimrud Lens” of Assyrian manufacture, a disc of rock crystal with a convex shape believed to be a magnifying or burning lens.
• 13th century: Increased use of lenses in Glasses probably led to the widespread use of simple microscopes (single objective magnifying glasses) with limited magnification.
• 1590: earliest date of a claimed Hans Martens/Zacharias Janssen invention of compound microscope (claim made in 1655).
• After 1609: Galileo Galilei is described as being able to narrow the focus of his telescope to see small objects up close and/or look the wrong way in reverse to magnify small objects. A telescope used in this way is the same as a compound microscope but historians debate whether Galileo was magnifying small objects or looking at nearby objects with his ground telescope (convex objective/concave eyepiece) inverted.
• 1619: First recorded description of a compound microscope, Dutch ambassador Willem Borel sees one in London owned by Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbelan instrument about eighteen inches long, two inches in diameter, and supported by three brass dolphins.
• 1621: Cornelis Drebbel presents, in London, a compound microscope with a convex objective and a convex eyepiece (a “Keplerian” microscope).
• c.1622: Drebbel presents his invention in Rome.
• 1624: Galileo improves a compound microscope he sees in Rome and presents his occhiolino to the prince Federico Cesifounder of Accademia dei Lincei (In English, the lynx).
• 1625: Francesco Stelluti and Federico Cesi publish Apiarium, the first report of observations using a compound microscope
• 1625: Giovanni Faber of Bamberg (1574-1629) of the Lynxians, after seeing the work of Galileo occhiolinoinvent the word microscope by analogy with telescope.
• 1655: In an investigation of Willem BorelDutch eyewear maker Johannes Zachariassen claims his father, Zacharias Janssen, invented the compound microscope in 1590. The dates claimed by Zachariassen are so far back that it is sometimes assumed, for the claim to be true, that his grandfather, Hans Martens, must have invented it. The findings are published by the writer Pierre Borel. Discrepancies in Boreel’s investigation and Zachariassen’s testimony (including misrepresenting his date of birth and role in the invention) have led some historians to consider this claim dubious.
• 1661: Marcello Malpighi observed capillary structures in frog lungs.
• 1665: Robert Hooke publish Micrography, a collection of biological drawings. He invents the word cell by the structures he discovers in cork bark.
• 1674: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek improvement over a simple microscope for viewing biological specimens (see Van Leeuwenhoek Microscopes).
• 1825: Joseph Jackson Lister develops combination lenses that cancel spherical and chromatic aberration.
• 1846: to Carl Zeiss founded Carl Zeiss AGto mass-produce microscopes and other optical instruments.
• 1850s: John Leonard RiddellProfessor of Chemistry at tulane universityinvents the first practical binocular microscope.
• 1863: Henry Clifton Sorby develops a metallurgical microscope to observe the structure of meteorites.
• 1860s: Ernst Abbecolleague of to Carl Zeissdiscover the Abbé sine condition, a breakthrough in microscope design, which until then was largely based on trial and error. the company of to Carl Zeiss exploited this discovery and became the dominant microscope manufacturer of its day.
• 1928: Edward Hutchinson Synge publishes the theory underlying the near-field scanning optical microscope
• 1931: Ernst Ruska start building the first electronic microscope. It is a Transmission electronic microscopy (HE HAS).
• 1936: Erwin Wilhelm Müller invent the field emission microscope.
• 1938: James Hillier build another HE HAS.
• 1951: Erwin Wilhelm Müller invent the field ion microscope and is the first to see atoms.
• 1953: Frits ZernikeTeacher of theoretical physicsreceives the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of phase contrast microscope.
• 1955: Georges NomarskiTeacher of microscopypublished the theoretical basis of differential interference contrast microscopy.
• 1957: marvin minskyteacher of MITinvent the confocal microscope, an optical imaging technique for increasing the optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light from forming the image. This technology is a predecessor of the technology widely used today. confocal laser scanning microscope.
• 1967: Erwin Wilhelm Müller adds time-of-flight spectroscopy to the field ion microscopedoing the first atomic probe and allowing the chemical identification of each individual atom.
• 1981: Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer develop the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
• 1986: Gerd BinnigQuate and Gerber invent the atomic force microscope (AFM).
• 1988: Alfred Cerezo, Terence Godfreyand George DW Smith applied a position-sensitive detector to the atomic probemaking it capable of resolving materials in three dimensions with near-atomic resolution.
• 1988: Kingo Itaya invents the scanning electrochemical scanning microscope.
• 1991: Kelvin probe force microscope created.
• 2009: lady Pratibha Gai invented the in-situ atomic resolution environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM). She decided not to patent her invention to further the advancement of science.

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