How Is Institutional Discrimination Different From Individual Discrimination Latest 2023

Institutional discrimination refers to policies, practices, and procedures that have a disproportionate and negative impact on certain groups of people. This type of discrimination is often embedded in the systems, structures, and policies of organizations, institutions, and governments. It is usually more difficult to identify and address than individual discrimination, which occurs when an individual or group of individuals is treated differently due to their race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or other protected status. Institutional discrimination is often more systemic, pervasive, and difficult to recognize.

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Institutional discrimination

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Forms Institutional Structural
Attributes Age Disability Genetics Hair color Hair texture Height Looks Size Language Race / Ethnicity Nordicism Skin color Rank Caste Class Religion Sex Sexual orientation
Social Aphobia Adultism Anti-albinism Anti-autism Anti-drug addicts Anti-homelessness Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Cronyism Elitism Ephebiphobia Fatphobia Gayphobia Gerontophobia Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Homophobia Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Sectarianism Supremacism Black White Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Trans men Vegaphobia Xenophobia
Religious Ahmadiyya Atheism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Catholicism Christianity post–Cold War era Druze Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Jehovah’s Witnesses Judaism Persecution LDS or Mormon Neopaganism non-Muslims Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Copts Protestantism Rastafari Sikhs Shi’ism Sufism Sunnism Zoroastrianism
Ethnic/national African Albanian American Arab Armenian Australian Austrian Azerbaijani Bosnian British Canadian Catalan Chechen Chilean Chinese Croat English Filipino Finnish French Fulani Georgian German Greek Haitian Hazara Hispanic Hungarian Igbo Indian Canadian and US indigenous peoples Indonesian Iranian Irish Israeli Italian Japanese Jewish Khmer Korean Kurdish Malay Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Montenegrin Muhajirs Pakistani Palestinian Pashtun Polish Quebec Romani Romanian Russian Scottish Serb Slavic Somali Tatar Thai Tibetan Turkish Ukrainian Uyghur Venezuelan Vietnamese
Manifestations Blood libel Bullying online Compulsory sterilization Corrective rape Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Disability hate crime Dog-whistle politics Eliminationism Economic Education Employment Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Forced conversion Freak show Gay bashing Gendercide Genital modification and mutilation Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime LGBT Hate group Hate speech online Homeless dumping Housing Indian rolling Infantilization Language minoritization Lavender scare Lynching Mortgage Murder music Native American mascots Occupational segregation Opposition to immigration Persecution Pogrom Purge Red Scare Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Sex-selective abortion Slavery Slut-shaming Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against men Violence against women White flight White genocide conspiracy theory White power music Wife selling Witch-hunt
Policies Age of candidacy Babel Proclamation Blood purity Blood quantum Citizen, speak Turkish! Crime of apartheid Dialect card Disabilities Catholic Jewish Environmental racism Ethnocracy Ethnopluralism Gender pay gap Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Jim Crow laws Ketuanan Melayu Kinder der Landstrasse Law for Protection of the Nation McCarthyism MSM blood donation restrictions Nonpersons Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) Nuremberg Laws One-drop rule Racial quota Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Sodomy law State atheism State religion Symbole Ugly law Vergonha Voter suppression Welsh Not White Australia policy
Countermeasures Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity training Empowerment Environmental justice Feminism Fighting Discrimination Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex rights LGBT rights Masculism Multiculturalism Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Self-determination Social integration Toleration
Related topics Allophilia Amatonormativity Bias Christian privilege Civil liberties Dehumanization Diversity Ethnic penalty Eugenics Gender roles Heteronormativity Internalized oppression Intersectionality Male privilege Masculism Medical model of disability autism Multiculturalism Net bias Neurodiversity Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Political correctness Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Prisoner abuse Racial bias in criminal news Racism by country Religious intolerance Reverse discrimination Reverse racism Second-generation gender bias Snobbery Social exclusion Social model of disability Social stigma Speciesism Stereotype threat The talk White privilege Woke
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Institutional discrimination is discriminatory treatment of an individual or group of individuals by society or institutions, through unequal consideration of members of subordinate groups.
These unfair and indirect methods of discrimination are often embedded in an institution’s policies, procedures, laws, and objectives.
The discrimination can be on grounds of gender, caste, race, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status.

In the United States

Main articles: Institutionalized discrimination in the United States and Educational segregation in the United States

Members of minority groups such as populations of African descent in the U.S. are at a much higher risk of encountering these types of sociostructural disadvantage. Among the severe and long-lasting detrimental effects of institutionalized discrimination on affected populations are increased suicide rates, suppressed attainment of wealth and decreased access to health care.

Institutional racism

Main article: Institutional racism

Institutional racism (also known as systemic racism) is a form of racism that is embedded as normal practice within society or an organization. It can lead to such issues as discrimination in criminal justice, employment, housing, health care, political power, and education, among other issues.

The term “institutional racism” was first coined in 1967 by Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton in Black Power: The Politics of Liberation. Carmichael and Hamilton wrote that while individual racism is often identifiable because of its overt nature, institutional racism is less perceptible because of its “less overt, far more subtle” nature. Institutional racism “originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than [individual racism]”.

References

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Source: Institutional discrimination
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